Penetration Grades
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In the past, the penetration index was defined based on the assumption that thermal sensitivity in the bitumen used in road construction was zero. Bitumen is a thermoplastic material, meaning that it becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and returns to a solid state upon cooling.
Penetration-grade bitumen is mainly used in road surfacing. Bitumen with lower penetration grade is used in the regions with warm climate while higher penetration grade is used in colder weather.
Pasargad Oil Company is capable of producing different grades of road surfacing bitumen in compliance with national and international standards in its six plants located at Tehran, Tabriz, Arak, Shiraz, Bandar Abbas, and Abadan refineries. Penetration rate bitumen is graded based on penetration and softening point tests. This table describes the physical properties of penetration-grade bitumen based on European standards. Penetration-grade bitumen is mainly used in road construction. During the last two decades of the 20th century, most road construction projects showed inclination for solid bitumen which results in more effective asphalt.
PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 10-20 |
PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 40-50 |
| Penetration Grade Bitumen 10-20 has a penetration degree ranging from 10 to 20 desi-millimeter as well as a softening point between 58 and 66 °C. This type of penetration bitumen has a higher viscosity and is harder than other grades. It is mainly used in very hot areas that require more heat tolerance. | Penetration Grade Bitumen 40-50 has a penetration degree ranging between 40 and 50 desi- millimeter and a softening point from 52 to 60 °C. This type of penetration bitumen is relatively hard and is mainly used in tropical areas. |
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PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 60-70 |
PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 85-100 |
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Penetration Grade Bitumen 60-70 is the most widely used grade of penetration bitumen in road construction and other industrial areas. This grade of penetration bitumen has a degree of penetration ranging from 60 to 70 desi-millimeter and a softening point between 49 and 56 oC. This grade is mainly used in areas with mild climates. |
Penetration Grade Bitumen 85-100 is also among the most widely used grades of penetration bitumen in road construction and other industrial areas. This grade of penetration bitumen has a degree of penetration ranging between 85 and 100 desi-millimeter and a softening point from 45 to 52 oC. It is mainly used in cold regions. |
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PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 90-130 |
PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 160-220 |
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Penetration Grade Bitumen 90-130 has a penetration degree ranging from 90 to 130 desi- millimeter and a softening point between 43 and 47 °C. This type of penetration bitumen is commonly used for road repairs in cold regions. |
Penetration Grade Bitumen 160-220 has a penetration degree ranging from 160 to 220 desi- millimeter and a softening point from 35 to 43 °C. This type of penetration bitumen is commonly used in repairing damaged roads and surfaces and making emulsion bitumen and insulation industry in very cold areas. |
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